<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая и прикладная юриспруденция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theoretical and Applied Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2813</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СЗИУ РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">JDMKZB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tal-678</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Право и мораль: диалектика отношений в позитивистской концепции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Law and Morality: The Dialectics of Relations in the Positivist Concept</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2254-6170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алова</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alova</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алова Дарья Геннадьевна, преподаватель департамента теории права и сравнительного правоведения факультета права, кандидат юридических наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya G. Alova, Associate Professor at the School of Theory of Law and Comparative Law, Faculty of Law, PhD in Jurisprudence</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.trinitka@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-9903</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лушникова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lushnikova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лушникова Варвара Алексеевна, преподаватель департамента теории права и сравнительного правоведения факультета права, кандидат юридических наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Varvara A. Lushnikova, Associate Professor at the School of Theory of Law and Comparative Law, Faculty of Law, PhD in Jurisprudence</p><p>Moscow, Russian Federation)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vary07@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алова Д.Г., Лушникова В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алова Д.Г., Лушникова В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alova D.G., Lushnikova V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.taljournal.ru/jour/article/view/678">https://www.taljournal.ru/jour/article/view/678</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В статье рассматривается соотношение права и морали через призму анализа концепций правового позитивизма, с акцентом на разграничение инклюзивного и эксклюзивного подходов. Основная проблема исследования заключается в следующей дихотомии: эксклюзивный позитивизм подчеркивает автономию права, исключая моральные основания, тогда как инклюзивный допускает интеграцию моральных принципов в правовую систему.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и материалы</title><p>Методология и материалы. Методология исследования основана на инструментарии аналитической юриспруденции, историко-правовом и сравнительном анализе. В качестве источников использованы труды Г. Л. А. Харта, Р. Дворкина, Дж. Раза, У. Дж. Валучова и др.</p><p>Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Выявлено, что инклюзивный позитивизм обеспечивает более гибкое понимание права, способное учитывать моральные ценности в процессе правоприменения, что особенно значимо в сфере конституционного права. Эксклюзивный позитивизм, напротив, ограничивает влияние моральных аргументов, что может снижать адаптивность правовой системы. Анализ идей Г. Л. А. Харта демонстрирует возможность минимального пересечения права и морали, тогда как аргументы Дж. Раза (лингвистический, аргумент предубеждения и институциональный) подтверждают позицию о независимости права от морали. Примеры из судебной практики, включая дела, связанные с апартеидом, иллюстрируют сложность разделения права и морали.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Видимые перспективы дальнейших исследований связаны с уточнением роли моральных принципов в современном правотворчестве и с разработкой сбалансированных моделей правопонимания, позволяющих учитывать как формальные, так и ценностные основания права.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The article examines the relationship between law and morality through the lens of legal positivism, focusing on the distinction between inclusive and exclusive approaches. The main research question is the following dichotomy: exclusive positivism emphasizes the autonomy of law, excluding moral grounds, while inclusive positivism allows for the integration of moral principles into the legal system.</p><p>Methodology and materials. The research methodology is based on analytical jurisprudence, historical legal analysis, and comparative analysis. The works of G. L. A. Hart, R. Dworkin, J. Raz, W. J. Valuchov and others.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. It was revealed that inclusive positivism provides a more flexible understanding of law that can take into account moral values in the process of law enforcement, which is especially important in the field of constitutional law. Exclusive positivism, on the other hand, limits the influence of moral arguments, which can reduce the adaptability of the legal system. The analysis of G. L. A. Hart’s ideas demonstrates the possibility of a minimal intersection of law and morality, whereas J. L. A. Hart’s arguments demonstrate the possibility of a minimal intersection of law and morality. The arguments (linguistic, prejudice, and institutional) confirm the position of the independence of law from morality. Examples from judicial practice, including cases related to apartheid, illustrate the difficulty of separating law and morality.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The visible prospects for further research are related to clarifying the role of moral principles in modern lawmaking and developing balanced models of legal understanding that allow taking into account both the formal and value foundations of law.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инклюзивный позитивизм</kwd><kwd>эксклюзивный позитивизм</kwd><kwd>мораль</kwd><kwd>аналитическая юриспруденция</kwd><kwd>правоприменение</kwd><kwd>естественное право</kwd><kwd>юснатурализм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nclusive positivism</kwd><kwd>exclusive positivism</kwd><kwd>morality</kwd><kwd>analytical jurisprudence</kwd><kwd>law enforcement</kwd><kwd>natural law</kwd><kwd>naturalism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонов М. В. Эксклюзивный позитивизм и аргументативная теория права: к полемике между Е. В. Булыгиным и М. Атиензой // Известия высших учебных заведений. Правоведение. 2010. № 1 (288). С. 226–337. EDN: MWOOPH</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonov, M. V. (2010) Exclusive positivism and argumentation theory of law: on the controversy between E. Bulygin and M. Atienza. Izvestiya Vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenij. Pravovedenie. no. 1. pp. 226–337. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов В. М. Коллизионные проблемы нравственного измерения современного российского законодательства: доктрина, практика, техника // Юридическая техника. 2017. № 11. С. 66–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov, V. M. (2017) Collision Problems of the Moral Dimension of Modern Russian Legislation: Doctrine, Practice, Technique. Yuridicheskaya Tekhnika. No. 11. Pp. 66–80. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бернам У. Правовая система США / науч. ред. В. А. Власихин, пер. с англ. А. В. Александрова и др. М.: Новая юстиция, 2006. С. 563. 1216 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burnham, W. (2006) Legal System of the USA. Ed. by V. A. Vlasikhin, transl. from English by A. V. Alexandrov et al. Novaya Yustitsiya. 563 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дидикин А. Б. Моральная нейтральность как правовая ценность: критический анализ философскоправовых аргументов А. В. Нехаева // Омский научный вестник. Серия: Общество. История. Современность. 2019. Т. 4, № 3. С. 99–103. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2019-4-3-99-103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Didikin, A. B. (2019) Moral neutrality as legal value: critical analysis of philosophical and legal arguments of A. V. Nekhaev. Omsk scientific bulletin. Series: Society. History. Modernity. Vol. 4, No. 3. Pp. 99–103. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2019-4-3-99-103 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дидикин А. Б. Моральные суждения и действительность права // Омский научный вестник. Серия: Общество. История. Современность. 2019. Т. 4, № 4. С. 112–116. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2019-4-4-112-116. EDN: WFCULJ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Didikin, A. B. (2019) Moral Judgments and Validity of Law. Omsk scientific bulletin. Series: Society. History. Modernity. No. 4. Pp. 112–116. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2019-4-4-112-116 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касаткин С. Н. Основные идеи «Постскриптума» Герберта Л. А. Харта // Вестник Самарской гуманитарной академии. Серия: Право. 2008. № 1 (3). С. 3–27. EDN: NUEOHV</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasatkin, S. N. (2008) Main Ideas of “Postscript” by Herbert L. A. Hart. Vestnik Samarskoj Gumanitarnoj Akademii. Series: Pravo. No. 1. Pp. 3–27. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касаткин С. Н. Тезис судейского усмотрения в споре Р. Дворкина и позитивистов: аргументы «позднего» Г. Харта // Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки. 2022. № 57. С. 372–398. DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2022-57-372-398</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasatkin, S. N. (2022) The Thesis of Judicial Discretion in the Dispute between R. Dworkin and Positivists: Arguments of the “Late” H. Hart. Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta. Yuridicheskie nauki. No. 57. Pp. 372– 398. DOI: 10.17072/1995-4190-2022-57-372-398 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коваль С. В. История и основы критики правового позитивизма Г. Л. А. Харта в философии права Р. Дворкина // Философские науки. 2019. Т. 62, № 7. С. 124–142. DOI: 10.30727/0235-1188-2019-62-7-124-142. EDN: JLEYAP</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koval, S. V. (2019) The history and foundations of criticism of H. L. A. Hart’s legal positivism in R. Dworkin’s philosophy of law. Filosofskie nauki. Vol. 62, No. 7. Pp. 124–142. DOI: 10.30727/0235-1188-2019-62-7-124-142 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нехаев А. В. Плохой закон как чистое право: критические заметки к философии права Г. Л. А. Харта // Вестник Томского государственного университета. 2019. № 440. С. 72–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nekhaev, A. V. (2019) Bad Law as Pure Law: Critical Notes on H. L. A. Hart’s Philosophy of Law. Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. No. 440. Pp. 72–80 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нехаев А. В. Страсти по морали и юридический позитивизм: ответ Антону Дидикину // Омский научный вестник. Серия: Общество. История. Современность. 2019. Т. 4, № 4. С. 94–111. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2019-4-4-94-111. EDN: SECJST</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nekhaev, A. V. (2019) Moral passion and legal positivism: Reply to Anton Didikin. Moral Judgments and Validity of Law. Omskiy Nauchnyy Vestnik. Series: Obshchestvo. Istoriya. Sovremennost. Vol. 4, No. 4. Pp. 94–111. DOI: 10.25206/2542-0488-2019-4-4-94-111 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радбрух Г. Философия права / Пер. с нем. Ю. М. Юмашева. М.: Международные отношения, 2004. 238 с. EDN: QVWDWF</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radbruch, G. (2004) Philosophy of Law. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. 238 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разуваев Н. В. Право в контексте всемирно-исторического процесса // Теоретическая и прикладная юриспруденция. 2025. № 2 (24). С. 6–8. EDN: XCIPAP</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razuvaev, N. V. (2025) Law in the Context of the Global Historical Process. Theoretical and Applied Law. No. 2 (24). Pp. 6–8. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харт Г. Л. А. Позитивизм и разграничение права и морали // Известия высших учебных заведений. Правоведение. 2005. № 5 (262). С. 102–136. EDN: JZATSN</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hart, H. L. A. (2005) Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals. Pravovedenie. No. 5. Pp. 102–136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aquinas T. (2004) Political Writings. Ed. R. W. Dyson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 358 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aquinas, T. (2004) Political Writings. Ed. R. W. Dyson. Cambridge University Press. 358 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coleman J. (2001) The Practice of Principle: In Defence of a Pragmatist Approach to Legal Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 246 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coleman, J. (2001) The Practice of Principle: In Defence of a Pragmatist Approach to Legal Theory. Oxford University Press. 246 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dworkin R. (1977) Taking Rights Seriously. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 563 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dworkin, R. (1977) Taking Rights Seriously. Harvard University Press. 563 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dworkin R. (1967) The Model of Rules. The University of Chicago Law Review. Vol. 35. No. 1. Pp. 14–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dworkin, R. (1967) The Model of Rules. The University of Chicago Law Review. Vol. 35. No. 1. Pp. 14–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dyzenhaus D. (1991) Hard Cases in Wicked Legal Systems: South African Law in the Perspective of Legal Philosophy. Clarendon Press. 289 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dyzenhaus, D. (1991) Hard Cases in Wicked Legal Systems: South African Law in the Perspective of Legal Philosophy. Clarendon Press. 289 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gray J. C. (1921) The Nature and Sources of the Law. NY: Macmillan and Co. Pp. 84–112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gray, J. C. (1921) The Nature and Sources of the Law. NY: Macmillan and Co. Pp. 84–112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hart H. L. A. (1965) The Morality of Law by Lon L. Fuller. Harvard Law Review. Vol. 78. No. 6. Pp. 1281–1296.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hart, H. L. A. (1965) The Morality of Law by Lon L. Fuller. Harvard Law Review. Vol. 78. No. 6. Pp. 1281– 1296.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hart H. L. A. (1994) The Concept of Law. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 328 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hart, H. L. A. (1994) The Concept of Law. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. 328 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hart H. L. A. (2012) The Concept of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 390 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hart, H. L. A. (2012) The Concept of Law. Oxford University Press. 390 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lacey N. (2004) A Life of H. L. A. Hart: The Nightmare and Noble Dream. Oxford University Press. 422 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lacey, N. (2004) A Life of H. L. A. Hart: The Nightmare and Noble Dream. Oxford University Press. 422 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyons D. (1984) Ethics and the Rule of Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 240 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyons, D. (1984) Ethics and the Rule of Law. Cambridge University Press. 240 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackie J. (1977) Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. 256 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackie, J. (1977) Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. 256 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raz J. (1979) The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality. NY: Oxford University Press. 292 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raz, J. (1979) The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality. Oxford University Press. 292 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waluchow W. J. (1994) Inclusive Legal Positivism. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 304 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waluchow, W. J. (1994) Inclusive Legal Positivism. Clarendon Press. 304 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
