<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая и прикладная юриспруденция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theoretical and Applied Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2813</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СЗИУ РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/3034-2813-2025-5-8-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">FMULRF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tal-503</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Правовое обоснование расточительства как причины помещения взрослого человека под опеку</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Legal Rationale for Prodigality as a Reason for an Adult to Be Placed Under Guardianship</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Приамбуди</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Priambudi</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маланг</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kevin Bramustiko Priambudi, student of the Faculty of Law</p><p>Malang</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kevin_priambudi@student.ub.ac.id</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будионо</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budiono</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маланг</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abdul Rachmad Budiono, lecturer at Faculty of Law, professor</p><p>Malang</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rachmad.budiono@ub.ac.id</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кусумадара</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kusumadara</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маланг</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Afifah Kusumadara, lecturer at Faculty of Law, professor</p><p>Malang</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afifah.kusuma@ub.ac.id</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Бравиджая</institution><country>Индонезия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Brawijaya University</institution><country>Indonesia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Приамбуди К.Б., Будионо А.Р., Кусумадара А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Приамбуди К.Б., Будионо А.Р., Кусумадара А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Priambudi K.B., Budiono A.R., Kusumadara A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.taljournal.ru/jour/article/view/503">https://www.taljournal.ru/jour/article/view/503</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В этом исследовании рассматривается правовое обоснование расточительства как основания для помещения взрослого человека под опеку в соответствии со ст. 433 Гражданского кодекса Индонезии. Расточительство, то есть неосмотрительное поведение в распоряжении финансами, наносит вред непосредственно субъекту действий, влечет за собой его нестабильность в экономическом плане. Целью исследования является изучение правовых основ расточительства и выявление критериев для определения того, следует ли помещать взрослого человека под опеку из-за финансовой безответственности.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и материалы</title><p>Методология и материалы. В этом исследовании используется нормативно-правовой исследовательский подход, анализируются правовые документы, нормативные акты и судебные решения, связанные с расточительством в Индонезии. Доктринальный подход используется для изучения толкования и применения ст. 433 Гражданского кодекса с учетом правовых принципов и прецедентного права, которые устанавливают руководящие принципы для решений о назначении опеки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Результаты показывают, что расточительство, регулируемое ст. 433 Гражданского кодекса Индонезии, служит правовым основанием для помещения людей под опеку. Чтобы определить юридическую дееспособность человека, суд оценивает рациональность финансового управления, потенциальные экономические потери, наличие психических или физических расстройств, а также мнения экспертов. Судебные соображения сосредоточены на предотвращении дальнейшего финансового ущерба и обеспечении экономической стабильности субъекта с помощью назначенного судом опекуна. Исследование также подчеркивает, что индонезийские суды принимают защитную правовую основу для баланса личной автономии и финансовой безопасности.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы и обсуждение</title><p>Выводы и обсуждение. Статья 433 Гражданского кодекса предоставляет правовую гарантию для защиты людей от финансового краха из-за расточительства. Применение опеки включает в себя комплексную оценку финансового поведения, состояния психического здоровья и экспертные оценки. Исследование подчеркивает важность судебного усмотрения в обеспечении того, чтобы механизмы опеки служили средством финансовой защиты при соблюдении прав личности. Будущие исследования могут изучить сравнительные правовые перспективы расточительства и опеки в разных юрисдикциях.  </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. This study examines the legal rationale for prodigality as a basis for placing an adult under guardianship under Article 433 of the Indonesian Civil Code. The issue of prodigality raises concerns regarding financial mismanagement, potential harm to the individual, and legal safeguards to prevent economic instability. The research aims to explore the legal foundation of prodigality and identify the criteria for determining whether an adult should be placed under guardianship due to financial irresponsibility.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods and Methodology</title><p>Methods and Methodology. This study employs a normative legal research approach, analyzing legal documents, statutory regulations, and judicial decisions related to prodigality in Indonesia. A doctrinal approach is utilized to examine the interpretation and application of Article 433 of the Civil Code, considering legal principles and case law that establish guidelines for guardianship decisions.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The findings indicate that prodigality, as regulated under Article 433 of the Indonesian Civil Code, serves as a legal ground for placing individuals under guardianship. Courts assess financial mismanagement, the potential for significant economic losses, the presence of mental or physical disorders, and expert opinions to determine an individual’s financial competence. Judicial considerations focus on preventing further financial harm and ensuring economic stability through a court-appointed guardian. The study also highlights that Indonesian courts adopt a protective legal framework to balance personal autonomy and financial security.</p><p>Conclusion and Discussion. Article 433 of the Civil Code provides a legal safeguard to protect individuals from financial ruin due to prodigality. The application of guardianship involves a comprehensive assessment of financial behavior, mental health conditions, and expert evaluations. The study emphasizes the importance of judicial discretion in ensuring that guardianship mechanisms serve as a means of financial protection while respecting individual rights. Future research may explore comparative legal perspectives on prodigality and guardianship in different jurisdictions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>расточительство</kwd><kwd>опека</kwd><kwd>Индонезия</kwd><kwd>Гражданский кодекс Индонезии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Prodigality</kwd><kwd>Guardianship</kwd><kwd>Law in Indonesia</kwd><kwd>Civil Code of Indonesia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badriyah, S. M. (2011). Penemuan Hukum (Rechtsvinding) dan Penciptaan Hukum (Rechtsschepping) oleh Hakim Untuk Mewujudkan Keadilan. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 40 (3), Article 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.40.3.2011.384-392</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badriyah, S. M. (2011). Penemuan Hukum (Rechtsvinding) dan Penciptaan Hukum (Rechtsschepping) oleh Hakim Untuk Mewujudkan Keadilan. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 40 (3), Article 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.40.3.2011.384-392</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bofill, H. L. (2021). Law, Violence and Constituent Power: The Law, Politics and History of Constitution Making (1st ed.). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003054801</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bofill, H. L. (2021). Law, Violence and Constituent Power: The Law, Politics and History of Constitution Making (1st ed.). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003054801</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burgers, L., Staal, T. (2019). Climate Action as Positive Human Rights Obligation: The Appeals Judgment in Urgenda v the Netherlands. In J. E. Nijman &amp; W. G. Werner (Eds.), Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 2018 (Vol. 49, pp. 223–244). T.M.C. Asser Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-331-3_10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burgers, L., Staal, T. (2019). Climate Action as Positive Human Rights Obligation: The Appeals Judgment in Urgenda v the Netherlands. In J. E. Nijman &amp; W. G. Werner (Eds.), Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 2018 (Vol. 49, pp. 223–244). T.M.C. Asser Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-331-3_10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caplan, G. (Ed.) (2013) An Approach to Community Mental Health (0 ed.). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315013879</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caplan, G. (Ed.) (2013) An Approach to Community Mental Health (0 ed.). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315013879</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng, M., Edwards, D., Darcy, S., Redfern, K. (2018) A Tri-Method Approach to a Review of Adventure Tourism Literature: Bibliometric Analysis, Content Analysis, and a Quantitative Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Hospitality &amp; Tourism Research, 42 (6), 997–1020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348016640588</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng, M., Edwards, D., Darcy, S., Redfern, K. (2018) A Tri-Method Approach to a Review of Adventure Tourism Literature: Bibliometric Analysis, Content Analysis, and a Quantitative Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Hospitality &amp; Tourism Research, 42 (6), 997–1020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348016640588</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Firdaus, M. I. (2023). The Legalization of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia (Between Universalism and Cultural Relativism). The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights, 1 (02), 64–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58812/eslhr.v1i02.52</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Firdaus, M. I. (2023). The Legalization of Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia (Between Universalism and Cultural Relativism). The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights, 1 (02), 64–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58812/eslhr.v1i02.52</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamidi, J. (2016). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Disabilitas dalam Memenuhi Hak Mendapatkan Pendidikan dan Pekerjaan. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 23 (4), 652–671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol23.iss4.art7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamidi, J. (2016). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Disabilitas dalam Memenuhi Hak Mendapatkan Pendidikan dan Pekerjaan. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 23 (4), 652–671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol23.iss4.art7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irwansyah, I. (2020) Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode &amp; Praktik Penulisan Artikel. Yogyakarta: Mirra Buana Media, 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irwansyah, I. (2020) Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode &amp; Praktik Penulisan Artikel. Yogyakarta: Mirra Buana Media, 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lestari, A. Y., Heriyani, E. (2009) Dasar-Dasar Pembuatan Kontrak dan Aqad.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lestari, A. Y., Heriyani, E. (2009) Dasar-Dasar Pembuatan Kontrak dan Aqad.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lev, D. S. (1962) The Supreme Court and adat inheritance law in Indonesia. Am. J. Comp. L., 11, 205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lev, D. S. (1962) The Supreme Court and adat inheritance law in Indonesia. Am. J. Comp. L., 11, 205.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luthan, S. (2007) Hubungan Hukum dan Kekuasaan. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 14 (2), 166–184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol14.iss2.art4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luthan, S. (2007) Hubungan Hukum dan Kekuasaan. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 14 (2), 166–184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol14.iss2.art4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mangku, D. G. S., Rai Yuliartini, N. P., &amp; Lasmawan, I. W. (2022) Legal Protection for People with Disabilities in Indonesia in the Perspective of Justice Theory. Unnes Law Journal, 8 (2), 245–262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v8i2.52406</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mangku, D. G. S., Rai Yuliartini, N. P., &amp; Lasmawan, I. W. (2022) Legal Protection for People with Disabilities in Indonesia in the Perspective of Justice Theory. Unnes Law Journal, 8 (2), 245–262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v8i2.52406</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marzuki, M. (2017) Penelitian Hukum: Edisi Revisi. Prenada Media.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marzuki, M. (2017) Penelitian Hukum: Edisi Revisi. Prenada Media.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mousourakis, G. (2015) Roman Law and the Origins of the Civil Law Tradition. Springer International Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12268-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mousourakis, G. (2015) Roman Law and the Origins of the Civil Law Tradition. Springer International Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12268-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muqoddas, B. (2002) Mengkritisi Asas-asas Hukum Acara Perdata. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 19 (20), 18–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol9.iss20.art2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muqoddas, B. (2002) Mengkritisi Asas-asas Hukum Acara Perdata. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 19 (20), 18–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol9.iss20.art2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Permatasari, S. (2023) Pemaknaan frasa pasal 433 kuhperdata dikaitkan dengan pengertian disabilitas dalam uu nomor 8 tahun 2016 tentang penyandang disabilitas terhadap kecakapan bertindak dalam perjanjian.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Permatasari, S. (2023) Pemaknaan frasa pasal 433 kuhperdata dikaitkan dengan pengertian disabilitas dalam uu nomor 8 tahun 2016 tentang penyandang disabilitas terhadap kecakapan bertindak dalam perjanjian.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salverda, R. (2009) Doing Justice in a Plural Society: A Postcolonial Perspective on Dutch Law and Other Legal Traditions in the Indonesian Archipelago, 1600–Present. Dutch Crossing, 33 (2), 152–170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/155909009X461939</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salverda, R. (2009) Doing Justice in a Plural Society: A Postcolonial Perspective on Dutch Law and Other Legal Traditions in the Indonesian Archipelago, 1600–Present. Dutch Crossing, 33 (2), 152–170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/155909009X461939</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simanjuntak, P. N. H. (2008) Pokok-pokok hukum perdata Indonesia. Djambatan.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simanjuntak, P. N. H. (2008) Pokok-pokok hukum perdata Indonesia. Djambatan.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Engeland, A. (2022) Human Rights: Between Universalism and Relativism. In S. Sayapin, R. Atadjanov, U. Kadam, G. Kemp, N. Zambrana-Tévar, N. Quénivet (Eds.), International Conflict and Security Law, pp. 93–113. T.M.C. Asser Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-515-7_5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Engeland, A. (2022) Human Rights: Between Universalism and Relativism. In S. Sayapin, R. Atadjanov, U. Kadam, G. Kemp, N. Zambrana-Tévar, N. Quénivet (Eds.), International Conflict and Security Law, pp. 93–113. T.M.C. Asser Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-515-7_5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Villa-Rosas, G. (2023) Merkl’s Stufenbaulehre in the History of the Theory of Legal Power. In G. Villa-Rosas &amp; T. Spaak (Eds.), Legal Power and Legal Competence (Vol. 140, pp. 289–303). Springer International Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28555-4_14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Villa-Rosas, G. (2023) Merkl’s Stufenbaulehre in the History of the Theory of Legal Power. In G. Villa-Rosas &amp; T. Spaak (Eds.), Legal Power and Legal Competence (Vol. 140, pp. 289–303). Springer International Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28555-4_14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Windajani, I. I. D. (2008) Pelaksanaan hak dan kewajiban perdata orang yang tidak cakap hukum di kabupaten sleman. Mimbar Hukum — Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 20 (3), 559 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16296</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Windajani, I. I. D. (2008) Pelaksanaan hak dan kewajiban perdata orang yang tidak cakap hukum di kabupaten sleman. Mimbar Hukum — Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 20 (3), 559 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16296</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zuhdi, A., Kamula, A. A. (2024) Legitimasi Hukum Asing Sebagai Pertimbangan Putusan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi: Perbandingan Antara Indonesia dan Afrika Selatan. Yurispruden: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Malang, 7 (2), pp. 272–296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33474/yur.v7i2.21634</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuhdi, A., Kamula, A. A. (2024) Legitimasi Hukum Asing Sebagai Pertimbangan Putusan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi: Perbandingan Antara Indonesia dan Afrika Selatan. Yurispruden: Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Malang, 7 (2), pp. 272–296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33474/yur.v7i2.21634</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
