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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая и прикладная юриспруденция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theoretical and Applied Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3034-2813</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СЗИУ РАНХиГС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22394/2686-7834-2023-1-69-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tal-250</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Догматическое и политико-правовое обоснование защиты позитивного интереса при взыскании убытков при нарушении договора</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dogmatic and Political-Legal Justification for the Protection of Positive Interest in the Recovery of Damages in Case of Breach of Contract</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Радмила Владимировна, соискатель на кафедре гражданского права юридического факультета</p><p> Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Radmila V. Makarova, graduate student at Department of Civil Law of the Faculty of Law</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">radmila.b@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макарова Р.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макарова Р.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarova R.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.taljournal.ru/jour/article/view/250">https://www.taljournal.ru/jour/article/view/250</self-uri><abstract><p>Автор вслед за Л. Фуллером и У. Пердью пытается найти философское, историческое и утилитарное обоснование позитивного интереса при взыскании убытков вследствие нарушенного договора и, используя компаративный и исторический методы научного анализа, приходит к следующим выводам. Модель позитивного интереса не является атрибутом исключительно договора, она атрибутирует защиту субъективного права требования. Нарушено право может быть не только стороной договора, но и делинквентом, при этом убытки обоснованно будут исчисляться по модели позитивного интереса (например, взыскание убытков, причиненных недобросовестной интервенцией в чужие договорные отношения). Такой взгляд ставит под сомнение практическую целесообразность рассматриваемого деления моделей взыскания убытков и подталкивает к тому, чтобы оценивать объект посягательства — имело ли место нарушение субъективного права. Исторически трансформация деликта в договор в английском праве ознаменована возможностью взыскивать убытки по модели позитивного интереса. Произошло это параллельно с признанием правопорядком доктрины встречного предоставления. Функционально, если проводить параллель с отечественным правопорядком, встречное предоставление в системе common law реализует идею возмездности, формы договора, сигнализирующей о наступлении юридически обязывающих отношений, а также достижения сторонами взаимной определенности отношений. Возмездность, требуемая форма и определенность, согласно выдвигаемой гипотезе, и есть тот политико-правовой набор, что в историческом контексте сигнализирует о наличии субъективного права и оправдывает разумность ожиданий кредитора, которая и открывает дверь для реализации модели позитивного интереса при взыскании убытков при нарушении договора.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Following L. Fuller and W. Perdue, the author tries to find a philosophical, historical and utilitarian justification for a positive interest in recovering damages due to a breached contract and, using comparative and historical methods of scientific analysis, comes to the following conclusions. The model of positive interest is not an attribute of the contract only, it attributes the protection of the subjective right of claim. The violated right can be not only a party to the contract, but also a delinquent, while the losses will reasonably be calculated according to the model of positive interest (for example, recovery of losses caused by unfair intervention in other people’s contractual relations). Such a view calls into question the practical expediency of the considered division of models for the recovery of damages, and encourages us to evaluate the object of the encroachment — whether there has been a violation of a subjective right.</p><p>Historically, the transformation of a tort into a contract in English law is marked by the ability to recover damages according to the positive interest model. This happened in parallel with the recognition by the legal order of the doctrine of counter provision.</p><p>Functionally, if we draw a parallel with the domestic legal order, the counter provision in the common law system implements the idea of compensation, the form of the contract, signaling the onset of legally binding relations, as well as the achievement by the parties of mutual certainty of relations. Compensation, the required form and certainty, according to the hypothesis put forward, are the political and legal set that in the historical context signals the presence of a subjective right and justifies the reasonableness of the creditor’s expectations, which opens the door for the implementation of the positive interest model in the recovery of damages in case of breach of contract.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>договор</kwd><kwd>нарушение договора</kwd><kwd>убытки</kwd><kwd>позитивный интерес</kwd><kwd>субъективное право</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>contract</kwd><kwd>breach of contract</kwd><kwd>losses</kwd><kwd>positive interest</kwd><kwd>subjective right</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бачинин В. А. Метафизическая культурология права и юридические артефакты. 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