talТеоретическая и прикладная юриспруденцияTheoretical and Applied Law3034-2813СЗИУ РАНХиГС10.22394/2686-7834-2023-1-8-27tal-244Research ArticleСТАТЬИARTICLESКонцепт «res publica» и его рецепция в византийском праве: транслитерацииThe Concept “Res Publica” and Its Reception in Byzantine Law: Transliterationshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4123ВинЮ. Я.VinYu. Ya.

Вин Юрий Яковлевич, кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник

Москва

 

Yury Ya. Vin, Candidate of Sciences (History), Senior Researcher

Moscow

hkn@igh.ras.ruИнститут всеобщей истории РАНРоссияInstitute of World History, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20232803202301827Copyright © Вин Ю.Я., 20232023Вин Ю.Я.Vin Y.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.taljournal.ru/jour/article/view/244

Проблема рецепции понятия «res publica» сложна и многогранна. Нельзя сказать того, что она применительно к периоду Средних веков досконально изучена. Задача автора — продемонстрировать с помощью Экспертной системы «Византийское право и акты» возможности применения информационного подхода в сфере когнитивных изысканий к раскрытию содержания рецепций и латинско-греческих транслитераций понятия res publica. Проделанные сопоставления с латинскими прототипами их греческих переводов и компиляций византийского права доказывают: компиляции вовсе не обязательно следовали своим прототипам в передаче понятия res publica. Оно, как правило, замещалось иными греческими понятиями и словосочетаниями. Для них, как и их латинского прототипа, очевидна определенная семантическая неоднозначность. Сообразно тому у средневековых византийских юристов проявляется потребность к использованию прямой рецепции латинского понятия res publica, в частности rei publicae causa. Оно служило предметом внимания профессиональных правоведов, которые использовали указанный концепт для толкования и объяснения содержания источников средневекового византийского права. Заметные расхождения форм записи выявленных рецепций и греческих транслитераций понятия res publica, вероятно, обусловлены индивидуальными особенностями средневековых византийских юристов и их профессиональной квалификацией. В большинстве случаев непосредственные заимствования понятия res publica causa или его транслитерации, выявленные в средневековых византийских памятниках права, носили сугубо терминологический характер. Его, если это допустимо, можно рассматривать в качестве некоего культурного феномена.

The shortened version of the article in Russian: Vin, Yu.Ya. The concept of “res publica” and its reception in Byzantine law: transliterations.Bulletin of the Volgograd State University. Series 4, History. Regional studies. International relationships. 2022. V. 27, No. 6. P. 310–338DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.6.20. 

The problem of reception of the concept “res publica” is complex and multifaceted. It has been thoroughly studied in relation to the period of the Middle Ages. The task of the author is to demonstrate, that the possibilities of applying the information approach to the field of cognitive surveying to reveal the content of receptions and LatinGreek transliterations of the concept “res publica” with the help of the Expert System “Byzantine Law and Acts”. The comparisons of Greek translations and compilations with their Latin prototypes of Byzantine law prove: their compilations did not necessarily follow their prototypes in conveying the notion of “res publica”. It, as a rule, was replaced by other Greek concepts and word-combinations. For them, as well as their Latin prototypes, a certain semantic ambiguity is evident. Accordingly, the mediaeval Byzantine jurists felt the need to use the direct reception of the Latin concept “res publica”, in particular “rei publicae causa”. It served as the subject of attention and professional lawyers used this concept to interpret and explain the content of the sources of medieval Byzantine law. Noticeable discrepancies in the recording forms of the identified receptions and Greek transliterations of the concept “res publica” are probably due to individual characteristics of Medieval Byzantine lawyers and their professional qualifications. The direct borrowings of the concept “res publica causa” or its transliterations, revealed in medieval Byzantine law monuments, were purely terminological in most cases. It, if it is admissible, may be considered as a kind of cultural phenomenon.

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