talТеоретическая и прикладная юриспруденцияTheoretical and Applied Law3034-2813СЗИУ РАНХиГС10.22394/2686-7834-2022-3-8-22tal-199Research ArticleСТАТЬИARTICLESЦифровые технологии и правовая аргументация: влияние статистических юридических технологий на правоArgument by Numbers: the Normative Impact of Statistical Legal TechДайверЛ.DiverL.

Лоуренс Дайвер, доктор философии, научный сотрудник в области права; соучредитель Журнала междисциплинарных исследований в области вычислительного права (CRCL)

Брюссель

 

Laurence Diver, Doctor  of  Science  (Philosophy),  postdoctoral  researcher  in  law;  co-founder  of  the  Journal  of  Crossdisciplinary Research in Computational Law (CRCL)

Brussels

laurence@laurencediver.netМакбрайдП.McBrideP.

Полин Макбрайд, научный сотрудник в области права; шотландский адвокат

Брюссель

 

Pauline McBride, postdoctoral researcher in law; a Scottish solicitor.

Brussels

 

Брюссельский свободный университетБельгияVrije Universiteit BrusselBelgium20221310202203822Copyright © Дайвер Л., Макбрайд П., 20222022Дайвер Л., Макбрайд П.Diver L., McBride P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.taljournal.ru/jour/article/view/199

Внедрение «юридических технологий», использующих статистические инструменты, поднимает вопросы о будущем права и юридической практики. Если раньше технологии всегда опосредовали концепцию, практику и структуру права, то сейчас происходит качественный и количественный сдвиг: статистические юридические технологии непосредственно интегрируются в юридическую практику, особенно в судебную. Цифровые приложения, в частности для поиска и создания документов, влияют на то, как практикующие юристы взаимодействуют с правовой системой. Воздействуя на процессы создания права, технологии в конечном итоге формируют само право. Также технологии влияют на творческие элементы судебной практики. Например, за счет автоматизации они обуславливают способ реализации юристами профессиональных и этических обязанностей в рамках дела своего клиента. Все это приводит к тому, что в юридическую практику приложения с использованием технологии машинного обучения должны вводиться с большой осторожностью, если мы хотим избежать тонкого, непреднамеренного, но в конечном итоге фундаментального подрыва действия принципа верховенства права. В статье авторы приходят к выводу, что полагаться на бдительность отдельных юристов недостаточно для защиты от потенциально вредных последствий использования таких систем, учитывая непостижимость алгоритма принятия ими решений, и предполагаем, что ответственность за демонстрацию легитимности своих систем в соответствии со стандартами и принципами права лежит на создателях и поставщиках юридических технологий.

Перевод и публикация данной статьи выполнены на основе лицензии CC BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International, на условиях которой данная статья была опубликована на английском языке на сайте https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/ts259/. Статья также была принята к публикации в журнале Communitas (2022).

The introduction of statistical “legal tech” raises questions about the future of law and legal practice. While technologies have always mediated the concept, practice, and texture of law, a qualitative and quantitative shift is taking place: statistical legal tech is being integrated into mainstream legal practice, and particularly that of litigators. These applications — particularly in search and document generation — mediate how practicing lawyers interact with the legal system. By shaping how law is “done”, the applications ultimately come to shape what law is. Where such applications impact on the creative elements of the litigator’s practice, for example via automation bias, they affect their professional and ethical duty to respond appropriately to the unique circumstances of their client’s case — a duty that is central to the Rule of Law. The statistical mediation of legal resources by machine learning applications must therefore be introduced with great care, if we are to avoid the subtle, inadvertent, but ultimately fundamental undermining of the Rule of Law. In this contribution we describe the normative effects of legal tech application design, how they are (in)compatible with law and the Rule of Law as normative orders, particularly with respect to legal texts which we frame as the proper source of “lossless law”, uncompressed by statistical framing. We conclude that reliance on the vigilance of individual lawyers is insufficient to guard against the potentially harmful effects of such systems, given their inscrutability, and suggest that the onus is on the providers of legal technologies to demonstrate the legitimacy of their systems according to the standards inherent in the legal system.

The translation and publication of this article is based on the CC BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license, under which this article was published in English at https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/ts259/. The article is accepted for publication in Communitas (2022).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.